David Bowie · “Heroes”

Sense of Doubt

Sense of Doubt is in A minor at 131.6 beats per minute.

4080120160200

Tempo

132 BPM · Allegromedian of 239 analyses · 129.5–132.1 across the middle eight tenths
Key
A minorno sharps and no flats · the key most of the analyses agreed on
Agreement
86%share of analyses that agreed
Analyses
239people who ran the extractor
One beat
455.9milliseconds, 60,000 ÷ BPM
Tuning
441Hz · +4 cents from A 440
Dynamics
5.78dB the level wanders from its average
Loudness
0.063Essentia's 0–1 scale, not dB
Danceability
0.759Essentia's danceability, 0–3

Source: AcousticBrainz, dump of 2022-06-23 (CC0) · MusicBrainz core data, 2026-09-17 (CC0) · how each number is measured. Measured up to 23.06.2022 — AcousticBrainz stopped collecting in 2022, so nothing released after that date is here.

What the numbers say

239 independent analyses of this recording were submitted to AcousticBrainz. Most of them — 86% — put it in A minor, a key signature of no sharps and no flats. The tempo printed above is the median of the 239 readings; 94% of them land within 2% of it, and the middle eight tenths of them run from 129.5 to 132.1 BPM.

At 131.6 BPM one beat lasts 455.9 milliseconds, so a sixteenth note is 114 ms and a dotted eighth 341.9 ms — the delay times for this recording. Counted half as fast it is 65.8 BPM, counted twice as fast 263.2. A score would mark that Allegro, by the ranges this site uses.

The analyses put the reference pitch of the recording at 441 Hz, which is 4 cents above concert A at 440 Hz — close enough to standard that a tuner would not argue. That is a fact about this transfer of the music, not about how it was played.

The dynamic complexity of the recording measures 5.78 dB: that is how far the level wanders from its own average, so a small number means a loud, flat master and a large one means a recording that still breathes. Its average loudness is 0.063 on Essentia's 0-to-1 scale, which is not decibels and is not comparable to a streaming service's number.

10 other recordings here are in A minor; the ones listed below are the closest in tempo.

Beats per bar are not in this dataset. AcousticBrainz's analysis reports a tempo, a key and a loudness, and no time signature at all, so this page does not print one — a 4/4 here would be a guess dressed as a measurement.

Keys that fit with A minor

Each of these differs from A minor by at most one accidental, or shares its tonic. That is the whole of what a mixing wheel encodes; here the relations are named instead of numbered.

Delay times at 132 BPM

Note valueBeatsMillisecondsHertz
Whole note41823.70.55
Half note2911.91.1
Dotted quarter1.5683.91.46
Quarter note (one beat)1455.92.19
Quarter triplet0.6673043.29
Dotted eighth0.75341.92.92
Eighth note0.52284.39
Eighth triplet0.3331526.58
Dotted sixteenth0.3751715.85
Sixteenth note0.251148.77
Sixteenth triplet0.1677613.16
Thirty-second note0.1255717.55

Half time 65.8 BPM · double time 263.2 BPM. Every row is one beat (455.9 ms) times the fraction in the second column.

Closest in key and tempo

  1. Girls on FilmDuran DuranA minor132BPM
  2. PiggyNine Inch NailsA minor132BPM
  3. Around the World (La La La La La)ATCA minor132BPM
  4. I Can See for MilesThe WhoA minor131BPM
  5. I Want It AllArctic MonkeysA minor131BPM
  6. El mañanaGorillazA minor132BPM
  7. HelloOasisA minor132BPM
  8. Natural MysticBob Marley & The WailersA minor131BPM
  9. Tooth and NailForeignerA minor131BPM
  10. Crazy on YouHeartA minor130BPM

Recordings in A minor, ordered by how near their tempo is to 132 BPM. A calculation, not a recommendation.

All songs in A minorAll songs at 132 BPMA minor at 130–139 BPMDavid Bowie

MusicBrainz collapses 12 recording ids into this one. Recording id 8405e7f1-dcaa-4058-9457-9dcf92250706.