Billy Joel · Storm Front
Leningrad
Leningrad is in D major at 138.5 beats per minute.
Tempo
139 BPM · Allegromedian of 205 analyses · 138.4–138.6 across the middle eight tenths- Key
- D major2 sharps · the key most of the analyses agreed on
- Agreement
- 100%share of analyses that agreed
- Analyses
- 205people who ran the extractor
- One beat
- 433.2milliseconds, 60,000 ÷ BPM
- Tuning
- 440.3Hz · +1 cents from A 440
- Dynamics
- 4.38dB the level wanders from its average
- Loudness
- 0.812Essentia's 0–1 scale, not dB
- Danceability
- 1.147Essentia's danceability, 0–3
Source: AcousticBrainz, dump of 2022-06-23 (CC0) · MusicBrainz core data, 2026-09-17 (CC0) · how each number is measured. Measured up to 23.06.2022 — AcousticBrainz stopped collecting in 2022, so nothing released after that date is here.
What the numbers say
205 independent analyses of this recording were submitted to AcousticBrainz. All but a handful of them — 100% — put it in D major, a key signature of 2 sharps. The tempo printed above is the median of the 205 readings; 100% of them land within 2% of it, and they barely differ at all.
At 138.5 BPM one beat lasts 433.2 milliseconds, so a sixteenth note is 108.3 ms and a dotted eighth 324.9 ms — the delay times for this recording. Counted half as fast it is 69.3 BPM, counted twice as fast 277. A score would mark that Allegro, by the ranges this site uses.
The analyses put the reference pitch of the recording at 440.3 Hz, which is 1 cents above concert A at 440 Hz — close enough to standard that a tuner would not argue. That is a fact about this transfer of the music, not about how it was played.
The dynamic complexity of the recording measures 4.38 dB: that is how far the level wanders from its own average, so a small number means a loud, flat master and a large one means a recording that still breathes. Its average loudness is 0.812 on Essentia's 0-to-1 scale, which is not decibels and is not comparable to a streaming service's number.
10 other recordings here are in D major; the ones listed below are the closest in tempo.
Beats per bar are not in this dataset. AcousticBrainz's analysis reports a tempo, a key and a loudness, and no time signature at all, so this page does not print one — a 4/4 here would be a guess dressed as a measurement.
Keys that fit with D major
Each of these differs from D major by at most one accidental, or shares its tonic. That is the whole of what a mixing wheel encodes; here the relations are named instead of numbered.
Delay times at 139 BPM
| Note value | Beats | Milliseconds | Hertz |
|---|---|---|---|
| Whole note | 4 | 1732.9 | 0.58 |
| Half note | 2 | 866.4 | 1.15 |
| Dotted quarter | 1.5 | 649.8 | 1.54 |
| Quarter note (one beat) | 1 | 433.2 | 2.31 |
| Quarter triplet | 0.667 | 288.8 | 3.46 |
| Dotted eighth | 0.75 | 324.9 | 3.08 |
| Eighth note | 0.5 | 216.6 | 4.62 |
| Eighth triplet | 0.333 | 144.4 | 6.93 |
| Dotted sixteenth | 0.375 | 162.5 | 6.16 |
| Sixteenth note | 0.25 | 108.3 | 9.23 |
| Sixteenth triplet | 0.167 | 72.2 | 13.85 |
| Thirty-second note | 0.125 | 54.2 | 18.47 |
Half time 69.3 BPM · double time 277 BPM. Every row is one beat (433.2 ms) times the fraction in the second column.
Closest in key and tempo
- Summer of ’69Bryan AdamsD major139BPM
- Anyway, Anyhow, AnywhereDavid BowieD major139BPM
- Extraordinary GirlGreen DayD major138BPM
- New Way HomeFoo FightersD major139BPM
- Thank You GirlThe BeatlesD major138BPM
- This FireFranz FerdinandD major138BPM
- RipcordRadioheadD major138BPM
- Winter’s WaltzTim DaviesD major140BPM
- Say SomethingA Great Big World & Christina AguileraD major140BPM
- Mamma MiaABBAD major137BPM
Recordings in D major, ordered by how near their tempo is to 139 BPM. A calculation, not a recommendation.
All songs in D majorAll songs at 139 BPMD major at 130–139 BPMBilly Joel
MusicBrainz collapses 11 recording ids into this one. Recording id 7cf6e998-18e2-45fb-a68f-67e4badba955.