Billy Joel · An Innocent Man
An Innocent Man
An Innocent Man is in C major at 106.3 beats per minute.
Tempo
106 BPM · Andantemedian of 292 analyses · 106.2–106.4 across the middle eight tenths- Key
- C majorno sharps and no flats · the key most of the analyses agreed on
- Agreement
- 96%share of analyses that agreed
- Analyses
- 292people who ran the extractor
- One beat
- 564.4milliseconds, 60,000 ÷ BPM
- Tuning
- 439.7Hz · -1 cents from A 440
- Dynamics
- 5.82dB the level wanders from its average
- Loudness
- 0.436Essentia's 0–1 scale, not dB
- Danceability
- 1.023Essentia's danceability, 0–3
Source: AcousticBrainz, dump of 2022-06-23 (CC0) · MusicBrainz core data, 2026-09-17 (CC0) · how each number is measured. Measured up to 23.06.2022 — AcousticBrainz stopped collecting in 2022, so nothing released after that date is here.
What the numbers say
292 independent analyses of this recording were submitted to AcousticBrainz. All but a handful of them — 96% — put it in C major, a key signature of no sharps and no flats. The tempo printed above is the median of the 292 readings; 99% of them land within 2% of it, and they barely differ at all.
At 106.3 BPM one beat lasts 564.4 milliseconds, so a sixteenth note is 141.1 ms and a dotted eighth 423.3 ms — the delay times for this recording. Counted half as fast it is 53.2 BPM, counted twice as fast 212.6. A score would mark that Andante, by the ranges this site uses.
The analyses put the reference pitch of the recording at 439.7 Hz, which is 1 cents below concert A at 440 Hz — close enough to standard that a tuner would not argue. That is a fact about this transfer of the music, not about how it was played.
The dynamic complexity of the recording measures 5.82 dB: that is how far the level wanders from its own average, so a small number means a loud, flat master and a large one means a recording that still breathes. Its average loudness is 0.436 on Essentia's 0-to-1 scale, which is not decibels and is not comparable to a streaming service's number.
10 other recordings here are in C major; the ones listed below are the closest in tempo.
Beats per bar are not in this dataset. AcousticBrainz's analysis reports a tempo, a key and a loudness, and no time signature at all, so this page does not print one — a 4/4 here would be a guess dressed as a measurement.
Keys that fit with C major
Each of these differs from C major by at most one accidental, or shares its tonic. That is the whole of what a mixing wheel encodes; here the relations are named instead of numbered.
Delay times at 106 BPM
| Note value | Beats | Milliseconds | Hertz |
|---|---|---|---|
| Whole note | 4 | 2257.8 | 0.44 |
| Half note | 2 | 1128.9 | 0.89 |
| Dotted quarter | 1.5 | 846.7 | 1.18 |
| Quarter note (one beat) | 1 | 564.4 | 1.77 |
| Quarter triplet | 0.667 | 376.3 | 2.66 |
| Dotted eighth | 0.75 | 423.3 | 2.36 |
| Eighth note | 0.5 | 282.2 | 3.54 |
| Eighth triplet | 0.333 | 188.1 | 5.32 |
| Dotted sixteenth | 0.375 | 211.7 | 4.72 |
| Sixteenth note | 0.25 | 141.1 | 7.09 |
| Sixteenth triplet | 0.167 | 94.1 | 10.63 |
| Thirty-second note | 0.125 | 70.6 | 14.17 |
Half time 53.2 BPM · double time 212.6 BPM. Every row is one beat (564.4 ms) times the fraction in the second column.
Closest in key and tempo
- Bring It On Home to MeSam CookeC major106BPM
- HowThe CranberriesC major106BPM
- Jive Talkin’Bee GeesC major106BPM
- Crack the ShuttersSnow PatrolC major106BPM
- TroubleIggy Azalea feat. Jennifer HudsonC major106BPM
- Always Crashing in the Same CarDavid BowieC major106BPM
- Revolution EarthThe B‐52’sC major106BPM
- BreakawayKelly ClarksonC major107BPM
- Pueblo NuevoBuena Vista Social ClubC major107BPM
- RenegadeStyxC major107BPM
Recordings in C major, ordered by how near their tempo is to 106 BPM. A calculation, not a recommendation.
All songs in C majorAll songs at 106 BPMC major at 100–109 BPMBilly Joel
MusicBrainz collapses 15 recording ids into this one. Recording id a171fce4-1548-4bc5-bba0-67d3fe9a0592.